First Period of Roman Expansion: Conquest of the Italian Peninsula
This photo is of the land that Rome conquered in the first expansion. Courtesy of http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/traveler/none/italy
The first expansion was when the Romans drove the very last Etruscan king out of power.Then they became a republic. The Romans needed to protect their borders and gain more land. Because of this, there were a series of wars throughout the next 245 years, the Romans were at war with many different enemies.The Romans conquered the Latins in Central City, and defeated the Etruscans.The Romans eventually made allies of their former enemies. By 264 B.C.E., Rome and it’s allies took over all of Italy. This is how the expansions Began. The Etruscans may have viewed this period negatively because they were fighting with the Romans, and even some of the Romans and their allies may have viewed this negatively because they were being forced into war as soldiers with no choice.
The first expansion was when the Romans drove the very last Etruscan king out of power.Then they became a republic. The Romans needed to protect their borders and gain more land. Because of this, there were a series of wars throughout the next 245 years, the Romans were at war with many different enemies.The Romans conquered the Latins in Central City, and defeated the Etruscans.The Romans eventually made allies of their former enemies. By 264 B.C.E., Rome and it’s allies took over all of Italy. This is how the expansions Began. The Etruscans may have viewed this period negatively because they were fighting with the Romans, and even some of the Romans and their allies may have viewed this negatively because they were being forced into war as soldiers with no choice.
Second Period of Roman Expansion: The Punic Wars
The land covered in orange is the land that had been conquered in the second expansion. Courtesy of
http://www.mitchellteachers.org/WorldHistory/AncientRome/UnderstandingthePunicWars.html
During this time (254B.C.E.-146 B.C.E.) Rome fought three savage wars with Carthage, a powerful city in North Africa, for control of the Mediterranean region. These wars were called the Punic wars.
When the Punic wars started, Carthage controlled, most of Spain, and part of Sicily. Having control of these regions meant having control of most of the trade in that area. Greek cities in southern Italy often disputed with Carthage over the trading rights. After Rome conquered these cities, Rome was drawn into the fight with Carthage, introducing the Punic wars.
The first Punic war in 264 B.C.E. was fought mostly at sea, with the Carthage navy. But the Romans had built their own navy adapting the ways of the Carthaginians navy. This war was won by the the Romans, who then took control of Carthage.
The second war started 22 years later and consisted of the Carthaginians attacking Italy itself. In 218 B.C.E. hannibal,a Carthaginian general, suprised the Romans by taking his army from Spain across the Alps and into Italy with elephants and many men.
The Carthaginians were no longer a threat after the second war, but the Romans had built up so much hate against them that they decided to go after them directly and conquer Carthage, who were completely defenseless, and wipe them off the map, taking control of everything they owned.
The Carthaginians may have viewed the expansion during this period negatively because they were being warred against and were losing their battle.
http://www.mitchellteachers.org/WorldHistory/AncientRome/UnderstandingthePunicWars.html
During this time (254B.C.E.-146 B.C.E.) Rome fought three savage wars with Carthage, a powerful city in North Africa, for control of the Mediterranean region. These wars were called the Punic wars.
When the Punic wars started, Carthage controlled, most of Spain, and part of Sicily. Having control of these regions meant having control of most of the trade in that area. Greek cities in southern Italy often disputed with Carthage over the trading rights. After Rome conquered these cities, Rome was drawn into the fight with Carthage, introducing the Punic wars.
The first Punic war in 264 B.C.E. was fought mostly at sea, with the Carthage navy. But the Romans had built their own navy adapting the ways of the Carthaginians navy. This war was won by the the Romans, who then took control of Carthage.
The second war started 22 years later and consisted of the Carthaginians attacking Italy itself. In 218 B.C.E. hannibal,a Carthaginian general, suprised the Romans by taking his army from Spain across the Alps and into Italy with elephants and many men.
The Carthaginians were no longer a threat after the second war, but the Romans had built up so much hate against them that they decided to go after them directly and conquer Carthage, who were completely defenseless, and wipe them off the map, taking control of everything they owned.
The Carthaginians may have viewed the expansion during this period negatively because they were being warred against and were losing their battle.
Third Period Of Roman Expansion: Conquering the Mediterranean Region
The land that is covered by pink tan and purple represent the land that was onquered during the third expansion period. Courtesy of http://faculty.history.wisc.edu/sommerville/123/123%204%20roman.htm
This expansion period lasted from 145 B.C.E. to 44 B.C.E. During this time Rome came to control all of the Mediterranean world. In the east Pompey took over Asia Minor, Syria, and Egypt.In the west a general by the name of Julius Caesar conquered most of Gual
Spartacus, a Roman slave, leads a slave revolt against the Roman army.
a civil war, between Caesar and Pompey, broke out and divided their land and generals started becoming dictators. The generals set their armies against the power of Senate. Caesar himself was a dictator before he was assassinated.
Those who killed Caesar thought they were rescuing the power of the Senate, but the civil war followed several years later. Caesar’s Grandnephew, Octavian, seized power. The senate named him Augustus, or honored one. Rome was now an empire controlled by one supreme ruler.
Pompey was supported by the Roman republic (Senate). Caesar was told by Pompey and the Senate to stay away from Rome. Caesar ignores them and crosses back into Italy from Gaul. Caesar and Pompey’s army fight for three years and Caesar wins, The Senate appoints Caesar dictator for life, out of fear. The government of Rome is now under a dictator and is called the Roman empire as opposed to Roman republic.
The Senate may have viewed thos expansion period negitivaley because they were not supporting Caesar when he conquered Rome, and their leader, Pomey, had been killed in Egypt, where he fled to during the
This expansion period lasted from 145 B.C.E. to 44 B.C.E. During this time Rome came to control all of the Mediterranean world. In the east Pompey took over Asia Minor, Syria, and Egypt.In the west a general by the name of Julius Caesar conquered most of Gual
Spartacus, a Roman slave, leads a slave revolt against the Roman army.
a civil war, between Caesar and Pompey, broke out and divided their land and generals started becoming dictators. The generals set their armies against the power of Senate. Caesar himself was a dictator before he was assassinated.
Those who killed Caesar thought they were rescuing the power of the Senate, but the civil war followed several years later. Caesar’s Grandnephew, Octavian, seized power. The senate named him Augustus, or honored one. Rome was now an empire controlled by one supreme ruler.
Pompey was supported by the Roman republic (Senate). Caesar was told by Pompey and the Senate to stay away from Rome. Caesar ignores them and crosses back into Italy from Gaul. Caesar and Pompey’s army fight for three years and Caesar wins, The Senate appoints Caesar dictator for life, out of fear. The government of Rome is now under a dictator and is called the Roman empire as opposed to Roman republic.
The Senate may have viewed thos expansion period negitivaley because they were not supporting Caesar when he conquered Rome, and their leader, Pomey, had been killed in Egypt, where he fled to during the
Fourth Period Of Roman Expansion: Rome Becomes An Empire
The land covered in orange is the land conquered in the fourth expansion period of Rome. Courtesy of http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_navy
This expansion period lasted from 44B.C.E-14 C.E. During this expansion period, Julius Caesar was assassinated by the Senate. Caesars murder led into a series of wars. these wars occured for 10 years. When the fighting finelly ended, Agustus (or Octavian) was the first official emperor of Rome
To gain control Agustus had to defeat his jealous rivals. One of his many rivals was Marc Antony, a well known general. Queen Cleopatra and Antony had been married, and Agustus defeated both of them in a Battle at sea nearby Actium, Greece. Agustus's army chased the lovers to Egypt, where they both comitted suicide to die in honor. Agustus spread the Roman Empire all the way from Britain to the Black Sea.
The civil war between Agustus and Marc Antony destroyed the roman republic because Agustus said that after he defeated Antony that he would return the Roman empire back to a republic, but after he had defeated Antony he decided that he wanted all the power for himself, so he became the first official Emperor. An emporer is the supreme ruler of and empire, which is just a large area of land ruled by one supreme ruler.
Marc Antony and his wife Cleopatra may have viewed this expansion period negatively because they were forced to take their own lives when Octavian was trying to take their land.
This expansion period lasted from 44B.C.E-14 C.E. During this expansion period, Julius Caesar was assassinated by the Senate. Caesars murder led into a series of wars. these wars occured for 10 years. When the fighting finelly ended, Agustus (or Octavian) was the first official emperor of Rome
To gain control Agustus had to defeat his jealous rivals. One of his many rivals was Marc Antony, a well known general. Queen Cleopatra and Antony had been married, and Agustus defeated both of them in a Battle at sea nearby Actium, Greece. Agustus's army chased the lovers to Egypt, where they both comitted suicide to die in honor. Agustus spread the Roman Empire all the way from Britain to the Black Sea.
The civil war between Agustus and Marc Antony destroyed the roman republic because Agustus said that after he defeated Antony that he would return the Roman empire back to a republic, but after he had defeated Antony he decided that he wanted all the power for himself, so he became the first official Emperor. An emporer is the supreme ruler of and empire, which is just a large area of land ruled by one supreme ruler.
Marc Antony and his wife Cleopatra may have viewed this expansion period negatively because they were forced to take their own lives when Octavian was trying to take their land.